Analyzing morphological variability in Phalaris minor:  An in-depth multivariate analysis

Zobia Sarfraz; Muhammad Tayyab Tufail; Saqib Ali

doi:10.64013/basrj.v2025i1.30

Authors

Zobia Sarfraz Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, P.O BOX. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Tayyab Tufail Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, P.O BOX. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
Saqib Ali Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, P.O BOX. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64013/basrj.v2025i1.30

Keywords:

Phalaris minor, Weed Morphology, Invasive Species, Wheat Competitor, Biomass, Sustainable Agriculture, Weed Management

Abstract

Phalaris minor Retz. (Littleseed canarygrass), it is a highly invasive annual grassy weed, posing a significant threat to global wheat production by causing yield losses of up to 80%. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of P. minor, integrating its botanical characterization, ecological impact, and a detailed morphometric examination. Samples were collected from wheat fields to quantify key morphological traits, including shoot length (84.44 cm), root architecture (15.33 roots per plant), biomass (3.56g fresh shoot weight), and moisture content (80.30% in shoots). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significant morphological variations across locations, while correlation analysis uncovered complex inter-trait relationships, such as a strong positive link between leaf area and fresh shoot weight, indicating adaptive vigor. The research confirms the weed's competitive superiority, evidenced by its high moisture retention capacity and robust growth metrics, which enable it to thrive in harsh conditions alongside crops. Despite limited ecological roles as ground cover and bird forage, its primary impact remains severely negative. This study underscores the critical need for effective, sustainable management strategies beyond herbicide reliance to mitigate the substantial agronomic and economic damage caused by this pervasive weed.

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